Cytokines act by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, triggering a cascade of events that leads to the activation of various signaling pathways. This activation results in changes in gene expression, leading to the production of proteins that play a role in the immune response and inflammation. In a healthy individual, the production and release of cytokines is tightly regulated, but in certain diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infections, cytokine production can become dysregulated, leading to chronic inflammation and a range of related symptoms.
For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, elevated levels of Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukins lead to joint inflammation and destruction. Cytokines have also been found to play a role in mental health, including depression and anxiety, as well as in various neurological disorders.
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